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Job Automation Index
Job Automation Index
Skill Network
Task-Level Job Automation
City Automation Index
Automation Map (U.S. Cities)
Task-Level City Automation
Further Information
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Occupation:
TOTAL AVERAGE
Chief Executives
General and Operations Managers
Advertising and Promotions Managers
Marketing Managers
Sales Managers
Public Relations and Fundraising Managers
Administrative Services and Facilities Managers
Computer and Information Systems Managers
Financial Managers
Industrial Production Managers
Purchasing Managers
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers
Compensation and Benefits Managers
Training and Development Managers
Construction Managers
Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare
Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary
Education Administrators, Postsecondary
Architectural and Engineering Managers
Food Service Managers
Gambling Managers
Lodging Managers
Medical and Health Services Managers
Natural Sciences Managers
Postmasters and Mail Superintendents
Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
Social and Community Service Managers
Emergency Management Directors
Funeral Home Managers
Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes
Buyers and Purchasing Agents
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators
Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage
Compliance Officers
Cost Estimators
Human Resources Specialists
Logisticians
Management Analysts
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
Training and Development Specialists
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists
Accountants and Auditors
Property Appraisers and Assessors
Budget Analysts
Credit Analysts
Personal Financial Advisors
Insurance Underwriters
Financial Examiners
Credit Counselors
Loan Officers
Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents
Tax Preparers
Financial and Investment Analysts
Computer Systems Analysts
Computer and Information Research Scientists
Computer User Support Specialists
Network and Computer Systems Administrators
Database Administrators
Computer Programmers
Software Developers and Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers
Actuaries
Mathematicians
Operations Research Analysts
Statisticians
Architects, Except Landscape and Naval
Landscape Architects
Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
Surveyors
Aerospace Engineers
Agricultural Engineers
Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers
Chemical Engineers
Civil Engineers
Computer Hardware Engineers
Electrical Engineers
Electronics Engineers, Except Computer
Environmental Engineers
Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors
Industrial Engineers
Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
Materials Engineers
Mechanical Engineers
Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers
Nuclear Engineers
Petroleum Engineers
Architectural and Civil Drafters
Electrical and Electronics Drafters
Mechanical Drafters
Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians
Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians
Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Surveying and Mapping Technicians
Animal Scientists
Food Scientists and Technologists
Soil and Plant Scientists
Biochemists and Biophysicists
Microbiologists
Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
Conservation Scientists
Foresters
Epidemiologists
Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
Astronomers
Physicists
Atmospheric and Space Scientists
Chemists
Materials Scientists
Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health
Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
Hydrologists
Economists
Survey Researchers
Clinical, Counseling, and School Psychologists
Industrial-Organizational Psychologists
Sociologists
Urban and Regional Planners
Anthropologists and Archeologists
Geographers
Historians
Political Scientists
Agricultural and Food Science Technicians
Biological Technicians
Chemical Technicians
Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health
Geological and Petroleum Technicians
Nuclear Technicians
Social Science Research Assistants
Forest and Conservation Technicians
Forensic Science Technicians
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors
Marriage and Family Therapists
Rehabilitation Counselors
Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder, and Mental Health Counselors
Child, Family, and School Social Workers
Healthcare Social Workers
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Health Education Specialists
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
Social and Human Service Assistants
Clergy
Directors, Religious Activities and Education
Lawyers
Judicial Law Clerks
Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers
Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators
Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates
Paralegals and Legal Assistants
Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers
Business Teachers, Postsecondary
Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary
Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary
Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary
Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Physics Teachers, Postsecondary
Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary
Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary
Geography Teachers, Postsecondary
Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary
Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary
Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary
Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary
Education Teachers, Postsecondary
Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary
Law Teachers, Postsecondary
Social Work Teachers, Postsecondary
Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
Communications Teachers, Postsecondary
English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary
History Teachers, Postsecondary
Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary
Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers, Postsecondary
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary
Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education
Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School
Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education
Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School
Special Education Teachers, Middle School
Special Education Teachers, Secondary School
Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors
Self-Enrichment Teachers
Archivists
Curators
Museum Technicians and Conservators
Librarians and Media Collections Specialists
Library Technicians
Farm and Home Management Educators
Instructional Coordinators
Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary
Teacher Assistants
Art Directors
Craft Artists
Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators
Special Effects Artists and Animators
Commercial and Industrial Designers
Floral Designers
Graphic Designers
Interior Designers
Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers
Set and Exhibit Designers
Actors
Producers and Directors
Athletes and Sports Competitors
Coaches and Scouts
Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials
Dancers
Choreographers
Music Directors and Composers
Musicians and Singers
Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys
Public Address System and Other Announcers
News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists
Public Relations Specialists
Editors
Technical Writers
Writers and Authors
Interpreters and Translators
Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners
Audio and Video Technicians
Broadcast Technicians
Sound Engineering Technicians
Photographers
Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film
Film and Video Editors
Chiropractors
Dentists, General
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Orthodontists
Prosthodontists
Dietitians and Nutritionists
Optometrists
Pharmacists
Physician Assistants
Podiatrists
Occupational Therapists
Physical Therapists
Radiation Therapists
Recreational Therapists
Respiratory Therapists
Speech-Language Pathologists
Veterinarians
Registered Nurses
Audiologists
Anesthesiologists
Family Medicine Physicians
General Internal Medicine Physicians
Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Pediatricians, General
Psychiatrists
Surgeons
Dental Hygienists
Clinical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
Nuclear Medicine Technologists
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Dietetic Technicians
Pharmacy Technicians
Psychiatric Technicians
Surgical Technologists
Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Opticians, Dispensing
Orthotists and Prosthetists
Medical Dosimetrists and Medical Records Specialists
Athletic Trainers
Home Health and Personal Care Aides
Psychiatric Aides
Occupational Therapy Assistants
Occupational Therapy Aides
Physical Therapist Assistants
Physical Therapist Aides
Massage Therapists
Dental Assistants
Medical Assistants
Medical Equipment Preparers
Medical Transcriptionists
Pharmacy Aides
Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers
First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers
First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives
First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers
Firefighters
Fire Inspectors and Investigators
Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists
Bailiffs
Correctional Officers and Jailers
Detectives and Criminal Investigators
Fish and Game Wardens
Parking Enforcement Workers
Police and Sheriffâs Patrol Officers
Transit and Railroad Police
Animal Control Workers
Private Detectives and Investigators
Gambling Surveillance Officers and Gambling Investigators
Security Guards
Crossing Guards and Flaggers
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers
Chefs and Head Cooks
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers
Cooks, Fast Food
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria
Cooks, Private Household
Cooks, Restaurant
Cooks, Short Order
Food Preparation Workers
Bartenders
Fast Food and Counter Workers
Waiters and Waitresses
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers
Dishwashers
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop
First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers
First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners
Pest Control Workers
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers
Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation
Tree Trimmers and Pruners
First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers
First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers
Animal Trainers
Animal Caretakers
Gambling Dealers
Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners
Motion Picture Projectionists
Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers
Amusement and Recreation Attendants
Costume Attendants
Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants
Embalmers
Funeral Attendants
Barbers
Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists
Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance
Manicurists and Pedicurists
Skincare Specialists
Baggage Porters and Bellhops
Concierges
Tour and Travel Guides
Childcare Workers
Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors
Recreation Workers
Residential Advisors
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers
First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers
Cashiers
Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers
Counter and Rental Clerks
Parts Salespersons
Retail Salespersons
Advertising Sales Agents
Insurance Sales Agents
Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents
Travel Agents
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products
Demonstrators and Product Promoters
Real Estate Brokers
Real Estate Sales Agents
Sales Engineers
Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service
Bill and Account Collectors
Billing and Posting Clerks
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
Gambling Cage Workers
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks
Procurement Clerks
Tellers
Brokerage Clerks
Correspondence Clerks
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks
Customer Service Representatives
Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs
File Clerks
Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks
Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan
Library Assistants, Clerical
Loan Interviewers and Clerks
New Accounts Clerks
Order Clerks
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping
Receptionists and Information Clerks
Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks
Cargo and Freight Agents
Couriers and Messengers
Public Safety Telecommunicators
Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance
Meter Readers, Utilities
Postal Service Clerks
Postal Service Mail Carriers
Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators
Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks
Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks
Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants
Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive
Computer Operators
Data Entry Keyers
Word Processors and Typists
Desktop Publishers
Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks
Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service
Office Clerks, General
Office Machine Operators, Except Computer
Proofreaders and Copy Markers
Statistical Assistants
First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers
Agricultural Inspectors
Animal Breeders
Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products
Agricultural Equipment Operators
Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse
Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals
Forest and Conservation Workers
Logging Equipment Operators
Log Graders and Scalers
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers
Boilermakers
Brickmasons and Blockmasons
Carpenters
Carpet Installers
Tile and Stone Setters
Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
Terrazzo Workers and Finishers
Construction Laborers
Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators
Pile Driver Operators
Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators
Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers
Tapers
Electricians
Glaziers
Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall
Painters, Construction and Maintenance
Pipelayers
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
Plasterers and Stucco Masons
Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers
Roofers
Sheet Metal Workers
Structural Iron and Steel Workers
Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters
Helpers--Carpenters
Helpers--Electricians
Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
Construction and Building Inspectors
Fence Erectors
Hazardous Materials Removal Workers
Highway Maintenance Workers
Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators
Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners
Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas
Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining
Continuous Mining Machine Operators
Roof Bolters, Mining
Roustabouts, Oil and Gas
Helpers--Extraction Workers
Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas; and Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters
First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers
Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers
Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairers
Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers
Avionics Technicians
Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers
Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment
Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment
Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay
Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles
Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers
Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians
Automotive Body and Related Repairers
Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists
Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians
Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines
Rail Car Repairers
Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians
Motorcycle Mechanics
Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics
Bicycle Repairers
Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians
Tire Repairers and Changers
Mechanical Door Repairers
Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers
Home Appliance Repairers
Industrial Machinery Mechanics
Maintenance Workers, Machinery
Millwrights
Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers
Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers
Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers
Medical Equipment Repairers
Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners
Watch and Clock Repairers
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers
Commercial Divers
Locksmiths and Safe Repairers
Riggers
Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers
Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers
Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers
Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical Assemblers, Except Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers
Engine and Other Machine Assemblers
Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters
Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators
Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators
Bakers
Butchers and Meat Cutters
Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers
Slaughterers and Meat Packers
Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders
Food Batchmakers
Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders
Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Machinists
Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders
Pourers and Casters, Metal
Model Makers, Metal and Plastic
Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic
Foundry Mold and Coremakers
Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Tool and Die Makers
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers
Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic
Plating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic
Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners
Prepress Technicians and Workers
Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers
Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials
Sewing Machine Operators
Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers
Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers
Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers
Upholsterers
Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters
Furniture Finishers
Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood
Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing
Nuclear Power Reactor Operators
Power Distributors and Dispatchers
Power Plant Operators
Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators
Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators
Chemical Plant and System Operators
Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders
Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand
Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Cutters and Trimmers, Hand
Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers
Dental Laboratory Technicians
Medical Appliance Technicians
Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians
Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders
Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers
Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators
Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers
Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders
Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders
Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders
Etchers and Engravers
Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic
Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Tire Builders
Helpers--Production Workers
Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors
First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material Moving Workers, Except Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors
Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers
Commercial Pilots
Air Traffic Controllers
Airfield Operations Specialists
Flight Attendants
Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians
Driver/Sales Workers
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers
Light Truck Drivers
Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity
Passenger Vehicle Drivers, Except Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity
Locomotive Engineers
Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters
Sailors and Marine Oilers
Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels
Ship Engineers
Bridge and Lock Tenders
Parking Attendants
Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants
Traffic Technicians
Transportation Inspectors
Passenger Attendants
Conveyor Operators and Tenders
Crane and Tower Operators
Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators
Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand
Machine Feeders and Offbearers
Packers and Packagers, Hand
Stockers and Order Fillers
Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators
Wellhead Pumpers
Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors
Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders
Year:
2020
2008
Change from 2008 to 2020
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Occupation Description
SOC Code: 00-0000
Average of all occupations
Job Automation Index for TOTAL AVERAGE
Basic Information for TOTAL AVERAGE